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As with many places in England, local geography determined
Amblecote’s original settlement. The first permanent inhabitants
of this part of the Stour valley undoubtedly taking advantage
of the sustenance and shelter offered by a shallow river
running between cave riddled sandstone bluffs, adjacent
to where the bridge over the Stour now stands. When this
was it is not possible to say, no archaeological remains
having been found to date Ambelcote beyond the Saxon era.
However the presence of pre-historic animal remains, an
ancient British fort on nearby Wychbury Hill, a Roman Camp
at Greensforge, and an odd stone axe-head prove that the
general area would have been scouted in ancient times.
Eventually the first settlers they would
have expanded their hunting and agricultural activities
along that area of riverbank later followed by the Stourbridge
to Wolverhampton road. This in itself formed part of the
route from Worcester to Lichfield, a principle medieval
artery linking two vital ecclesiastic and economic centres.
Local religious houses would have consolidated this. Meanwhile,
the higher land to the East, now occupied by the vast modern
housing estates of Amblecote Bank and Withymoor, whilst
poorer pasture, was recognised by later generations as a
veritable treasure store of minerals, especially coal and
clay.
The Domesday Book gives a clue to the origin of Amblecote’s
name. This, at least in its Domesday form, is probably Saxon,
though whether it was (as is sometime claimed) derived from
an individual named Amela or Hemele, whose ‘cot’ or dwelling
was situated here, is far from established fact. Indeed
England’s other, more famous ‘Amble’ - Ambleside in Cumbria
- is allegedly derived from the word ámelar meaning
a river, whilst there is a stream in Suffolk anciently named
Amalburna (coincidentally also a tributary of a river Stour)
which points to Celtic origins. Given that the principle
feature of ancient Amblecote would have been the Stour and
the streams running into it (even Ancient Britons kept their
feet dry if possible), a watery origin for the name may
well be a possibility. We shall probably never know the
real answer.
Whilst on the subject of place names, Amblecote, in common
with most English localities, abounds with ancient, obscure
and (despite the claims of scholars) largely indecipherable
names. Coalbournbook for example may mean the border (bourn)
marked by the cold (coal or cole) stream (brook); or it
may not. Indeed cole is one of the most ancient words in
the English language, perhaps even associated with prehistoric
track makers, though of course in the Amblecote context
it might simply be referring to the mineral coal. Withymoor
probably means the moor where the willows (wythies) grow,
or maybe the moor of the vipers, or the weathered (exposed)
moor, or for those who prefer their history romantic, the
moor of the soothsayer. On the other hand if the modern
‘Withymoor’ is adapted from ‘Whitmoor’ as is the spelling
on the Ordinance Survey Map of 1834, then it may well mean
‘white moor’. Even further back in time a map of 1796 names
the general area ‘Wormwood Bank’ – possibly a reference
to the plant Artemisia absinthium, long used as a herbal
cure for worm infestation, and as an hallucinogenic additive
(now banned) to alcoholic drinks!
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